The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in tumor immunity
نویسندگان
چکیده
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) binds environmental toxins and mediates immune regulation. The tryptophan metabolite kynurenine has now been identified as an endogenous ligand of the human AHR constitutively produced by gliomas and other types of cancer via tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), thereby suppressing antitumor immune responses via the AHR. Thus, this pathway represents an important novel target for cancer immunotherapy.
منابع مشابه
Molecular mechanisms of the physiological functions of the aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptor, a multifunctional regulator that senses and responds to environmental stimuli
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was originally identified as a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in the induction of xenobiotic-metabolizing Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1). For several decades, AhR has been studied in relation to toxicology and pharmacology. With recent discoveries on novel AhR functions, AhR research has expanded into multiple aspects of physiology, such ...
متن کاملThe Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Tumor Immunity
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important cytosolic, ligand-dependent transcription factor. Emerging evidence suggests the promoting role of the AhR in the initiation, promotion, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Studies on various tumor types and tumor cell lines have shown high AhR expression, suggesting that AhR is activated constitutively in tumors and facilit...
متن کاملThe Unexpected Role for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor on Susceptibility to Experimental Toxoplasmosis
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is part of a signaling system that is mainly triggered by xenobiotic agents. Increasing evidence suggests that AhR may regulate immunity to infections. To determine the role of AhR in the outcome of toxoplasmosis, we used AhR-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. Following an intraperitoneal infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), AhR-/- mice succumbed significan...
متن کاملInterrelated Roles for the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α in the Immune Response to Infection
Cells of the immune system utilize multiple mechanisms to respond to environmental signals and recent studies have demonstrated roles for two closely related proteins, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), in these processes. The AHR is a transcription factor that is activated by diverse ligands found in the diet and environmental pollution as well as by m...
متن کاملEffects of eight weeks aerobic training on kynurenine and gene and protein expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the heart of male rats
Introduction: Understanding the molecular cellular mechanisms of the heart is essential for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the kynurenine and gene and protein expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the heart tissue of healthy male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The present study is an e...
متن کامل